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Notes that are not verse specific
Today's chapter speaks of 3 kings coming to Elisha's door. What an honour! 3 Kings coming to seek his advice! Now for the "type": the water which brought salvation to the kings, brought death to the enemy.
Does this teach of the water of baptism, and of the judgement of the Lord when He returns?
David Simpson [Worcester (UK)] Comment added in 2004 Reply to David
Jehoram was a man who made no mark in the history of his kingdom, and whose life was characterised only by his lack of faith in the God of Israel. He was not unlike other kings of Israel who cleave to the sins of Jeroboam.
John Wilson [Toronto West (Can)] Comment added in 2007 Reply to John
v27 This passage and the suggested explanations have never satisfied me. While the commentators all seem to agree that the Chemosh worshipping Moabite king (history seems to support his fanaticism for Chemosh) sacrificed his son and as a result Israel withdrew. The view that in anyway God would grant unto the king of Moab success in this matter does not make sense. Josephus in his Antiquities of the Jews agress that the kiong of Moab sacrficed his son, but believed that the attacking kings felt sorry for the king of Moab and withdrew, so it does not explain the phrase there was indignation against Israel. An alternative might be this, that it was not the son of the king of Moab that was sacrificed, but the son of the King of Edom, who may have been captured in the failed attempt to attack the king of Edom was the one that the king of Moab sacrificed, resulting in the Edomites becoming angry with Israel for pusing the Moabites to do this. The passage does not say that God was angry but that their was indignation against Israel. This could have been a breakup of the alliance resulting in a withdrawal of the troops.
Alex Browning [Kitchener-Waterloo] Comment added in 2016 Reply to Alex
4:8 the fact that the “great woman” constrained Elisha would indicate that his initial response was to decline the offer of accommodation with her and her husband. There is a clear lesson for us. We should not assume that when help is declined that there is no real need. We should not be deterred from offering help just because of a rebuttal.
Peter Forbes [Mountsorrel (UK)] Comment added in 2023 Reply to Peter
v2 He [Jehoram] put away the pillar of Baal that his father had made.
This may have been an astute political move rather than any reform by Jehoram. Jezebel would have been upset by Jehoram's destruction of an icon to Baal. But Jehoram needed to court the favour of Jehoshaphat. In asking for Jehoshaphat's help against the Moabites, Jehoram may have said something like: "Could you help me, and you know that I have put away some of my dad's excesses". Jehoshaphat would feel a need to help a person who is making a start on religious reform. Sadly, Jehoshaphat was duped.
Jehoshaphat hastily entered into an alliance (v7) and it seems did not consult God. Had Jehoshaphat consulted God early on, he would have been warned of entering into an alliance with Jehoram.
Bruce Bates [Forbes Australia] Comment added in 2023 Reply to Bruce
v8 By the way of the wilderness of Edom
This was a very circuitous route. Moab would be preparing for an attack from Israel from the west not the south, especially that the south was barren. By going via Edom, Edom's support would be properly enlisted for the attack, and Israel would have the element of surprise against Moab. Also, the logistics of this route, while stretched, depended on the truthfulness of one assumption: the wadi that bordered Moab from Edom had never dried up. So if the armies could just get to this wadi everything would be okay. Yet this wadi, which had never dried up even under dry conditions, had dried up!! Israel, Judah and Edom were stranded.
Bruce Bates [Forbes Australia] Comment added in 2023 Reply to Bruce
v10 Alas the LORD has called these three kings to give them into the hand of Moab
When things go wrong, Jehoram blames God, not Baal (cp v13). I suspect that Jezebel had brainwashed her children at the dinner table - when things go wrong, blame Israel's God, when things go okay, thank Baal. Hence Elisha's cynical response to Jehoram in v13 "Go to the prophets of your father and to the prophets of your mother [for help]".
It is interesting that Elisha appears out of the blue such a long way from Jezreel. Maybe God warned him to travel incognito with Israel to this barren place so that God could rescue the situation - because of the integrity of Jehoshaphat (v14).
Notice also that when things go wrong our true character is revealed - Jehoram was an angry God-blaming fool; Jehoshaphat calmly sought God for help.
Bruce Bates [Forbes Australia] Comment added in 2023 Reply to Bruce
v7 I will go, I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses.
Despite his faithfulness to God, Jehoshaphat had blind spots. He entered into bad alliances with Ahab (1 Kings 22:4, 2 Chronicles 18:1-3) , Ahaziah (2 Chronicles 20:35-37) and now Jehoram (2 Kings 3:7) using the same expressions to forge the alliances. Jehoram probably thought he was encouraging Jehoram; and Jehoshaphat too had problems with Moab (2 Chronicles 20:1)
And on each occasion, calamity from God occurred. (eg 2 Chronicles 19:2).
Surely we would be appalled at Jehoshaphat's behaviour and remonstrate with him heavily, especially that he repeated this sin twice after being remonstrated by God. Yet Jehoshaphat had a heart for God and, for all his blindspots, God loved him (2 Kings 3:14). Jehoshaphat was the turning point in 2 Kings 3.
LESSON: We all have blindspots and we could all find fault with each other. But the overriding issue is our love for God. If God can endure blindspots because of people's love for Him, we should do likewise.
Bruce Bates [Forbes Australia] Comment added in 2023 Reply to Bruce
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1. Now Jehoram <3088> the son <1121> of Ahab <256> began to reign <4427>(8804) over Israel <3478> in Samaria <8111> the eighteenth <8083> <6240> year <8141> of Jehoshaphat <3092> king <4428> of Judah <3063>, and reigned <4427>(8799) twelve <8147> <6240> years <8141>.
2. And he wrought <6213>(8799) evil <7451> in the sight <5869> of the LORD <3068>; but not like his father <1>, and like his mother <517>: for he put away <5493>(8686) the image <4676> of Baal <1168> that his father <1> had made <6213>(8804).
3. Nevertheless he cleaved <1692>(8804) unto the sins <2403> of Jeroboam <3379> the son <1121> of Nebat <5028>, which made Israel <3478> to sin <2398>(8689); he departed <5493>(8804) not therefrom.
4. And Mesha <4338> king <4428> of Moab <4124> was a sheepmaster <5349>, and rendered <7725>(8689) unto the king <4428> of Israel <3478> an hundred <3967> thousand <505> lambs <3733>, and an hundred <3967> thousand <505> rams <352>, with the wool <6785>.
5. But it came to pass, when Ahab <256> was dead <4194>, that the king <4428> of Moab <4124> rebelled <6586>(8799) against the king <4428> of Israel <3478>.
6. And king <4428> Jehoram <3088> went out <3318>(8799) of Samaria <8111> the same time <3117>, and numbered <6485>(8799) all Israel <3478>.
7. And he went <3212>(8799) and sent <7971>(8799) to Jehoshaphat <3092> the king <4428> of Judah <3063>, saying <559>(8800), The king <4428> of Moab <4124> hath rebelled <6586>(8804) against me: wilt thou go <3212>(8799) with me against Moab <4124> to battle <4421>? And he said <559>(8799), I will go up <5927>(8799): I am as thou art, my people <5971> as thy people <5971>, and my horses <5483> as thy horses <5483>.
8. And he said <559>(8799), Which way <1870> shall we go up <5927>(8799)? And he answered <559>(8799), The way <1870> through the wilderness <4057> of Edom <123>.
9. So the king <4428> of Israel <3478> went <3212>(8799), and the king <4428> of Judah <3063>, and the king <4428> of Edom <123>: and they fetched a compass <5437>(8799) of seven <7651> days <3117>' journey <1870>: and there was no water <4325> for the host <4264>, and for the cattle <929> that followed <7272> them.
10. And the king <4428> of Israel <3478> said <559>(8799), Alas <162>! that the LORD <3068> hath called <7121> <0> these three <7969> kings <4428> together <7121>(8804), to deliver <5414>(8800) them into the hand <3027> of Moab <4124>!
11. But Jehoshaphat <3092> said <559>(8799), Is there not here a prophet <5030> of the LORD <3068>, that we may enquire <1875>(8799) of the LORD <3068> by him? And one <259> of the king <4428> of Israel's <3478> servants <5650> answered <6030>(8799) and said <559>(8799), Here is Elisha <477> the son <1121> of Shaphat <8202>, which poured <3332>(8804) water <4325> on the hands <3027> of Elijah <452>.
12. And Jehoshaphat <3092> said <559>(8799), The word <1697> of the LORD <3068> is <3426> with him. So the king <4428> of Israel <3478> and Jehoshaphat <3092> and the king <4428> of Edom <123> went down <3381>(8799) to him.
13. And Elisha <477> said <559>(8799) unto the king <4428> of Israel <3478>, What have I to do with thee? get <3212>(8798) thee to the prophets <5030> of thy father <1>, and to the prophets <5030> of thy mother <517>. And the king <4428> of Israel <3478> said <559>(8799) unto him, Nay: for the LORD <3068> hath called <7121> <0> these three <7969> kings <4428> together <7121>(8804), to deliver <5414>(8800) them into the hand <3027> of Moab <4124>.
14. And Elisha <477> said <559>(8799), As the LORD <3068> of hosts <6635> liveth <2416>, before <6440> whom I stand <5975>(8804), surely, were it not that <3884> I regard <5375>(8802) the presence <6440> of Jehoshaphat <3092> the king <4428> of Judah <3063>, I would not look <5027>(8686) toward thee, nor see <7200>(8799) thee.
15. But now bring <3947>(8798) me a minstrel <5059>(8764). And it came to pass, when the minstrel <5059>(8764) played <5059>(8763), that the hand <3027> of the LORD <3068> came upon him.
16. And he said <559>(8799), Thus saith <559>(8804) the LORD <3068>, Make <6213>(8800) this valley <5158> full of ditches <1356>.
17. For thus saith <559>(8804) the LORD <3068>, Ye shall not see <7200>(8799) wind <7307>, neither shall ye see <7200>(8799) rain <1653>; yet that valley <5158> shall be filled <4390>(8735) with water <4325>, that ye may drink <8354>(8804), both ye, and your cattle <4735>, and your beasts <929>.
18. And this is but a light thing <7043>(8738) in the sight <5869> of the LORD <3068>: he will deliver <5414>(8804) the Moabites <4124> also into your hand <3027>.
19. And ye shall smite <5221>(8689) every fenced <4013> city <5892>, and every choice <4004> city <5892>, and shall fell <5307>(8686) every good <2896> tree <6086>, and stop <5640>(8799) all wells <4599> of water <4325>, and mar <3510>(8686) every good <2896> piece <2513> of land with stones <68>.
20. And it came to pass in the morning <1242>, when the meat offering <4503> was offered <5927>(8800), that, behold, there came <935>(8802) water <4325> by the way <1870> of Edom <123>, and the country <776> was filled <4390>(8735) with water <4325>.
21. And when all the Moabites <4124> heard <8085>(8804) that the kings <4428> were come up <5927>(8804) to fight <3898>(8736) against them, they gathered <6817>(8735) all that were able to put <2296>(8802) on armour <2290>, and upward <4605>, and stood <5975>(8799) in the border <1366>.
22. And they rose up early <7925>(8686) in the morning <1242>, and the sun <8121> shone <2224>(8804) upon the water <4325>, and the Moabites <4124> saw <7200>(8799) the water <4325> on the other side <5048> as red <122> as blood <1818>:
23. And they said <559>(8799), This is blood <1818>: the kings <4428> are surely <2717>(8715) slain <2717>(8738), and they have smitten <5221>(8686) one <376> another <7453>: now therefore, Moab <4124>, to the spoil <7998>.
24. And when they came <935>(8799) to the camp <4264> of Israel <3478>, the Israelites <3478> rose up <6965>(8799) and smote <5221>(8686) the Moabites <4124>, so that they fled <5127>(8799) before <6440> them: but they went forward <5221>(8686) smiting <5221>(8687) the Moabites <4124>, even in their country.
25. And they beat down <2040>(8799) the cities <5892>, and on every good <2896> piece <2513> of land cast <7993>(8686) every man <376> his stone <68>, and filled <4390>(8765) it; and they stopped <5640>(8799) all the wells <4599> of water <4325>, and felled <5307>(8686) all the good <2896> trees <6086>: only in Kirharaseth <7025> left <7604>(8689) they the stones <68> thereof; howbeit the slingers <7051> went about <5437>(8799) it, and smote <5221>(8686) it.
26. And when the king <4428> of Moab <4124> saw <7200>(8799) that the battle <4421> was too sore <2388>(8804) for him, he took <3947>(8799) with him seven <7651> hundred <3967> men <376> that drew <8025>(8802) swords <2719>, to break through <1234>(8687) even unto the king <4428> of Edom <123>: but they could <3201>(8804) not.
27. Then he took <3947>(8799) his eldest <1060> son <1121> that should have reigned <4427>(8799) in his stead, and offered <5927>(8686) him for a burnt offering <5930> upon the wall <2346>. And there was great <1419> indignation <7110> against Israel <3478>: and they departed <5265>(8799) from him, and returned <7725>(8799) to their own land <776>.
Notes that are not verse specific
YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED
This chapter and chapter 50 contains some dreadful prophecies that speak of the total destruction of Babylon. They were given by Jeremiah just as the Babylonian empire was reaching the peak of its glory. Once Jeremiah had written it all down on a scroll he told Seraiah to take it and read it to the people of Babylon. Whether they chose to take the warnings seriously and listen to them or not was up to them - but they had been warned and when it happened they would know it was from the LORD.
In another part of the Bible we are told that God will do nothing without revealing it to his servants first. (Amos 3 v 7). So God has put his plan in the Bible. It is written in black and white, in words we can understand and there for us to see. In the Bible God warns us of the punishments that are about to come on the wicked and on us if we choose not to serve him. He also tells us of a brilliant future in the kingdom that is in store for us if we choose to live for God now. It is all written there in the Bible as an advance warning for you and me. You have been warned. Take God's warning seriously.
Robert Prins [Auckland - Pakuranga - (NZ)] Comment added in 2003 Reply to Robert
V.45-53 Judgement and its effects. God's people should now be sojourners in this city which was doomed. Unattached, they could disregard rumour and unrest, the rise and fall of Nebuchadnezzar's successors.
John Wilson [Toronto West (Can)] Comment added in 2004 Reply to John
OUTLINE OF JEREMIAH
6. Judgment and its effects (Jer 51:45-53):
a. V45 and Rev 18:4 - fleeing literal and apostate spiritual Babylon as Michael Parry notes in his 2007 comments.
b. VS 45-53 - God's people should have no place in proud doomed Babylon.
c. V47 - "confounded<954>"
d. V49 - Babylon must fall because of Israel's slain.
e. VS 50-51 - the name of the Lord had no visual vindication.
f. VS 51-53 - Babylon is powerless against her foe due to her sacrilege.
g. V53 - an echo of the famous builders of the tower in Genesis 11.
7. the fall of Babylon (Jer 51:54-58):
a. Babylon was conquered circa 539BC and its 25 foot wide walls were destroyed by Xerxes circa 485BC.
b. V57 - regarding Babylon's officials - "they will sleep forever and not awake" (NIV).
8. the doom of Babylon was prophesied and to be illustrated as sinking like a stone in a separate book which was sent to Babylon 7 years before Nebuchadnezzar burned Jerusalem (Jer 51:59-64):
a. Was Seraiah Baruch's brother (Jer 32:12)?
b. V59 - Zedekiah goes to Babylon with tribute and to convey his second and final letter to the Jews there.
c. V59 - "Seraiah<8304>", "Neriah<5374>", "Maaseiah<4271>", "Zedekiah<6667>"
d. VS 60-62 - Jeremiah had prophesied Babylon would be victorious over Jerusalem and was treated well by the Babylonians (Jer 40:4), but the captive Jews in Babylon were to pronounce the destruction of Babylon, the capital city of their captors.
e. VS 63-64 refers to a book with a stone bound to it thrown into the Euphrates and thus would Babylon sink, and then we see a possible latter day connection in Rev 18:21.
f. Isaiah prophecied circa 760 to 698 BC. Isaiah prophecied that the Medes would render Babylon uninhabitable (Isa 13:1,17-20). But it was Sennacherib of Assyria who captured and destroyed Babylon circa 689 BC.Was Isaiah's inspired prophecy to be proven false? No, for God would never let that happen. Babylon was rebuilt and in 626 BC successfully rebelled against Assyria. Circa 559 BC Cyrus became king over Persia, a region under the rule of Media. Then circa 550 BC Cyrus became king of Media. Circa 539 BC the soldiers of Cyrus took Babylon during a feast and after diverting the protective waters of Babylon they simply marched into the city. Circa 485 BC Babylon rebelled against the Medo-Persians and Xerxes retook the city.
Charles Link, Jr. [Moorestown, (NJ, USA)] Comment added in 2019 Reply to Charles
The LORD is the God of recompense
Here is a characteristic of the LORD God that we have perhaps noticed, but now see it written down for the first time:
... for the LORD God of recompences shall surely requite. (Jer 51:56 KJV)
The New King James Version has it:
... For the LORD is the God of recompense, He will surely repay. (Jer 51:56 NKJV)
The LORD is the God of recompense, and because this is so, He cannot allow the nation of Babylon to spoil His Holy Temple and get away with it un-punished:
"And I will repay Babylon And all the inhabitants of Chaldea For all the evil they have done In Zion in your sight," says the LORD. (Jer 51:24 NKJV)
This characteristic of God is unchangeable, as all of his characteristics are. It is there from the beginning:
To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense; their foot shall slide in due time: for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that shall come upon them make haste. (Deu 32:35 KJV)
And it is there at the end:
For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people. It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. (Heb 10:30-31 KJV)
Babylon had done something terrible against God and His people, and in God's righteousness, it meant that they would be guilty for it. In the words of the people of Jerusalem, "let my blood be upon the inhabitants of Chaldea":
Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out. The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say. (Jer 51:34-35 KJV)
The rest of the chapter details the destruction that would come upon Babylon by the Medes. God would raise up that nation and bring it to prominence in order to carry out His vengeance:
Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple. (Jer 51:11 KJV)
The lesson for us is that we need to remember that our God is the same now as He has always been. The New Testament quotations of these verses are all in the context of God judging His own people, and used to show us that we should not turn away from God once we have become His people:
For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins, But a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries. He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses: Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace? For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense... (Heb 10:26-30 KJV)
Rob de Jongh [Mountsorrel (UK)] Comment added in 2023 Reply to Rob
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1. Thus saith <559>(8804) the LORD <3068>; Behold, I will raise up <5782>(8688) against Babylon <894>, and against them that dwell <3427>(8802) in the midst <3820> of them that rise up <6965>(8801) against me, a destroying <7843>(8688) wind <7307>;
2. And will send <7971>(8765) unto Babylon <894> fanners <2114>(8801), that shall fan <2219>(8765) her, and shall empty <1238>(8787) her land <776>: for in the day <3117> of trouble <7451> they shall be against her round about <5439>.
3. Against him that bendeth <1869> <0> let the archer <1869>(8802) bend <1869>(8799) his bow <7198>, and against him that lifteth himself up <5927>(8691) in his brigandine <5630>: and spare <2550>(8799) ye not her young men <970>; destroy ye utterly <2763>(8685) all her host <6635>.
4. Thus the slain <2491> shall fall <5307>(8804) in the land <776> of the Chaldeans <3778>, and they that are thrust through <1856>(8794) in her streets <2351>.
5. For Israel <3478> hath not been forsaken <488>, nor Judah <3063> of his God <430>, of the LORD <3068> of hosts <6635>; though their land <776> was filled <4390>(8804) with sin <817> against the Holy One <6918> of Israel <3478>.
6. Flee out <5127>(8798) of the midst <8432> of Babylon <894>, and deliver <4422>(8761) every man <376> his soul <5315>: be not cut off <1826>(8735) in her iniquity <5771>; for this is the time <6256> of the LORD'S <3068> vengeance <5360>; he will render <7999>(8764) unto her a recompence <1576>.
7. Babylon <894> hath been a golden <2091> cup <3563> in the LORD'S <3068> hand <3027>, that made all the earth <776> drunken <7937>(8764): the nations <1471> have drunken <8354>(8804) of her wine <3196>; therefore the nations <1471> are mad <1984>(8704).
8. Babylon <894> is suddenly <6597> fallen <5307>(8804) and destroyed <7665>(8735): howl <3213>(8685) for her; take <3947>(8798) balm <6875> for her pain <4341>, if so be she may be healed <7495>(8735).
9. We would have healed <7495>(8765) Babylon <894>, but she is not healed <7495>(8738): forsake <5800>(8798) her, and let us go <3212>(8799) every one <376> into his own country <776>: for her judgment <4941> reacheth <5060>(8804) unto heaven <8064>, and is lifted up <5375>(8738) even to the skies <7834>.
10. The LORD <3068> hath brought forth <3318>(8689) our righteousness <6666>: come <935>(8798), and let us declare <5608>(8762) in Zion <6726> the work <4639> of the LORD <3068> our God <430>.
11. Make bright <1305>(8685) the arrows <2671>; gather <4390>(8798) the shields <7982>: the LORD <3068> hath raised up <5782>(8689) the spirit <7307> of the kings <4428> of the Medes <4074>: for his device <4209> is against Babylon <894>, to destroy <7843>(8687) it; because it is the vengeance <5360> of the LORD <3068>, the vengeance <5360> of his temple <1964>.
12. Set up <5375>(8798) the standard <5251> upon the walls <2346> of Babylon <894>, make the watch <4929> strong <2388>(8685), set up <6965>(8685) the watchmen <8104>(8802), prepare <3559>(8685) the ambushes <693>(8802): for the LORD <3068> hath both devised <2161>(8804) and done <6213>(8804) that which he spake <1696>(8765) against the inhabitants <3427>(8802) of Babylon <894>.
13. O thou that dwellest <7931>(8802)(8675) <7931>(8804) upon many <7227> waters <4325>, abundant <7227> in treasures <214>, thine end <7093> is come <935>(8802), and the measure <520> of thy covetousness <1215>.
14. The LORD <3068> of hosts <6635> hath sworn <7650>(8738) by himself <5315>, saying, Surely I will fill <4390>(8765) thee with men <120>, as with caterpillers <3218>; and they shall lift up <6030>(8804) a shout <1959> against thee.
15. He hath made <6213>(8802) the earth <776> by his power <3581>, he hath established <3559>(8688) the world <8398> by his wisdom <2451>, and hath stretched out <5186>(8804) the heaven <8064> by his understanding <8394>.
16. When he uttereth <5414>(8800) his voice <6963>, there is a multitude <1995> of waters <4325> in the heavens <8064>; and he causeth the vapours <5387> to ascend <5927>(8686) from the ends <7097> of the earth <776>: he maketh <6213>(8804) lightnings <1300> with rain <4306>, and bringeth forth <3318>(8686) the wind <7307> out of his treasures <214>.
17. Every man <120> is brutish <1197>(8738) by his knowledge <1847>; every founder <6884>(8802) is confounded <3001>(8689) by the graven image <6459>: for his molten image <5262> is falsehood <8267>, and there is no breath <7307> in them.
18. They are vanity <1892>, the work <4639> of errors <8595>: in the time <6256> of their visitation <6486> they shall perish <6>(8799).
19. The portion <2506> of Jacob <3290> is not like them; for he is the former <3335>(8802) of all things: and Israel is the rod <7626> of his inheritance <5159>: the LORD <3068> of hosts <6635> is his name <8034>.
20. Thou art my battle axe <4661> and weapons <3627> of war <4421>: for with thee will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) the nations <1471>, and with thee will I destroy <7843>(8689) kingdoms <4467>;
21. And with thee will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) the horse <5483> and his rider <7392>(8802); and with thee will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) the chariot <7393> and his rider <7392>(8802);
22. With thee also will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) man <376> and woman <802>; and with thee will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) old <2205> and young <5288>; and with thee will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) the young man <970> and the maid <1330>;
23. I will also break in pieces <5310>(8765) with thee the shepherd <7462>(8802) and his flock <5739>; and with thee will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) the husbandman <406> and his yoke of oxen <6776>; and with thee will I break in pieces <5310>(8765) captains <6346> and rulers <5461>.
24. And I will render <7999>(8765) unto Babylon <894> and to all the inhabitants <3427>(8802) of Chaldea <3778> all their evil <7451> that they have done <6213>(8804) in Zion <6726> in your sight <5869>, saith <5002>(8803) the LORD <3068>.
25. Behold, I am against thee, O destroying <4889> mountain <2022>, saith <5002>(8803) the LORD <3068>, which destroyest <7843>(8688) all the earth <776>: and I will stretch out <5186>(8804) mine hand <3027> upon thee, and roll thee down <1556>(8773) from the rocks <5553>, and will make <5414>(8804) thee a burnt <8316> mountain <2022>.
26. And they shall not take <3947>(8799) of thee a stone <68> for a corner <6438>, nor a stone <68> for foundations <4146>; but thou shalt be desolate <8077> for ever <5769>, saith <5002>(8803) the LORD <3068>.
27. Set ye up <5375>(8798) a standard <5251> in the land <776>, blow <8628>(8798) the trumpet <7782> among the nations <1471>, prepare <6942>(8761) the nations <1471> against her, call together <8085>(8685) against her the kingdoms <4467> of Ararat <780>, Minni <4508>, and Ashchenaz <813>; appoint <6485>(8798) a captain <2951> against her; cause the horses <5483> to come up <5927>(8685) as the rough <5569> caterpillers <3218>.
28. Prepare <6942>(8761) against her the nations <1471> with the kings <4428> of the Medes <4074>, the captains <6346> thereof, and all the rulers <5461> thereof, and all the land <776> of his dominion <4475>.
29. And the land <776> shall tremble <7493>(8799) and sorrow <2342>(8799): for every purpose <4284> of the LORD <3068> shall be performed <6965>(8804) against Babylon <894>, to make <7760>(8800) the land <776> of Babylon <894> a desolation <8047> without an inhabitant <3427>(8802).
30. The mighty men <1368> of Babylon <894> have forborn <2308>(8804) to fight <3898>(8736), they have remained <3427>(8804) in their holds <4679>: their might <1369> hath failed <5405>(8804); they became as women <802>: they have burned <3341>(8689) her dwellingplaces <4908>; her bars <1280> are broken <7665>(8738).
31. One post <7323>(8801) shall run <7323>(8799) to meet <7125>(8800) another <7323>(8801), and one messenger <5046>(8688) to meet <7125>(8800) another <5046>(8688), to shew <5046>(8687) the king <4428> of Babylon <894> that his city <5892> is taken <3920>(8738) at one end <7097>,
32. And that the passages <4569> are stopped <8610>(8738), and the reeds <98> they have burned <8313>(8804) with fire <784>, and the men <582> of war <4421> are affrighted <926>(8738).
33. For thus saith <559>(8804) the LORD <3068> of hosts <6635>, the God <430> of Israel <3478>; The daughter <1323> of Babylon <894> is like a threshingfloor <1637>, it is time <6256> to thresh <1869>(8687) her: yet a little while <4592>, and the time <6256> of her harvest <7105> shall come <935>(8804).
34. Nebuchadrezzar <5019> the king <4428> of Babylon <894> hath devoured <398>(8804) me, he hath crushed <2000>(8804) me, he hath made <3322>(8689) me an empty <7385> vessel <3627>, he hath swallowed me up <1104>(8804) like a dragon <8577>, he hath filled <4390>(8765) his belly <3770> with my delicates <5730>, he hath cast me out <1740>(8689).
35. The violence <2555> done to me and to my flesh <7607> be upon Babylon <894>, shall the inhabitant <3427>(8802) of Zion <6726> say <559>(8799); and my blood <1818> upon the inhabitants <3427>(8802) of Chaldea <3778>, shall Jerusalem <3389> say <559>(8799).
36. Therefore thus saith <559>(8804) the LORD <3068>; Behold, I will plead <7378>(8801) thy cause <7379>, and take vengeance <5358>(8765) for thee <5360>; and I will dry up <2717>(8689) her sea <3220>, and make her springs <4726> dry <3001>(8689).
37. And Babylon <894> shall become heaps <1530>, a dwellingplace <4583> for dragons <8577>, an astonishment <8047>, and an hissing <8322>, without an inhabitant <3427>(8802).
38. They shall roar <7580>(8799) together <3162> like lions <3715>: they shall yell <5286>(8804) as lions <738>' whelps <1484>.
39. In their heat <2527> I will make <7896>(8799) their feasts <4960>, and I will make them drunken <7937>(8689), that they may rejoice <5937>(8799), and sleep <3462>(8804) a perpetual <5769> sleep <8142>, and not wake <6974>(8686), saith <5002>(8803) the LORD <3068>.
40. I will bring them down <3381>(8686) like lambs <3733> to the slaughter <2873>(8800), like rams <352> with he goats <6260>.
41. How is Sheshach <8347> taken <3920>(8738)! and how is the praise <8416> of the whole earth <776> surprised <8610>(8735)! how is Babylon <894> become an astonishment <8047> among the nations <1471>!
42. The sea <3220> is come up <5927>(8804) upon Babylon <894>: she is covered <3680>(8738) with the multitude <1995> of the waves <1530> thereof.
43. Her cities <5892> are a desolation <8047>, a dry <6723> land <776>, and a wilderness <6160>, a land <776> wherein no man <376> dwelleth <3427>(8799), neither doth any son <1121> of man <120> pass <5674>(8799) thereby <2004>.
44. And I will punish <6485>(8804) Bel <1078> in Babylon <894>, and I will bring forth <3318>(8689) out of his mouth <6310> that which he hath swallowed up <1105>: and the nations <1471> shall not flow together <5102>(8799) any more unto him: yea, the wall <2346> of Babylon <894> shall fall <5307>(8804).
45. My people <5971>, go ye out <3318>(8798) of the midst <8432> of her, and deliver <4422>(8761) ye every man <376> his soul <5315> from the fierce <2740> anger <639> of the LORD <3068>.
46. And lest your heart <3824> faint <7401>(8735), and ye fear <3372>(8799) for the rumour <8052> that shall be heard <8085>(8737) in the land <776>; a rumour <8052> shall both come <935>(8804) one year <8141>, and after <310> that in another year <8141> shall come a rumour <8052>, and violence <2555> in the land <776>, ruler <4910>(8802) against ruler <4910>(8802).
47. Therefore, behold, the days <3117> come <935>(8802), that I will do judgment <6485>(8804) upon the graven images <6456> of Babylon <894>: and her whole land <776> shall be confounded <954>(8799), and all her slain <2491> shall fall <5307>(8799) in the midst <8432> of her.
48. Then the heaven <8064> and the earth <776>, and all that is therein, shall sing <7442>(8765) for Babylon <894>: for the spoilers <7703>(8802) shall come <935>(8799) unto her from the north <6828>, saith <5002>(8803) the LORD <3068>.
49. As <1571> Babylon <894> hath caused the slain <2491> of Israel <3478> to fall <5307>(8800), so at Babylon <894> shall fall <5307>(8804) the slain <2491> of all the earth <776>.
50. Ye that have escaped <6405> the sword <2719>, go away <1980>(8798), stand not still <5975>(8799): remember <2142>(8798) the LORD <3068> afar off <7350>, and let Jerusalem <3389> come <5927>(8799) into your mind <3824>.
51. We are confounded <954>(8804), because we have heard <8085>(8804) reproach <2781>: shame <3639> hath covered <3680>(8765) our faces <6440>: for strangers <2114>(8801) are come <935>(8804) into the sanctuaries <4720> of the LORD'S <3068> house <1004>.
52. Wherefore, behold, the days <3117> come <935>(8802), saith <5002>(8803) the LORD <3068>, that I will do judgment <6485>(8804) upon her graven images <6456>: and through all her land <776> the wounded <2491> shall groan <602>(8799).
53. Though Babylon <894> should mount up <5927>(8799) to heaven <8064>, and though she should fortify <1219>(8762) the height <4791> of her strength <5797>, yet from <227> me shall spoilers <7703>(8802) come <935>(8799) unto her, saith <5002>(8803) the LORD <3068>.
54. A sound <6963> of a cry <2201> cometh from Babylon <894>, and great <1419> destruction <7667> from the land <776> of the Chaldeans <3778>:
55. Because the LORD <3068> hath spoiled <7703>(8802) Babylon <894>, and destroyed <6>(8765) out of her the great <1419> voice <6963>; when her waves <1530> do roar <1993>(8804) like great <7227> waters <4325>, a noise <7588> of their voice <6963> is uttered <5414>(8738):
56. Because the spoiler <7703>(8802) is come <935>(8804) upon her, even upon Babylon <894>, and her mighty men <1368> are taken <3920>(8738), every one of their bows <7198> is broken <2865>(8765): for the LORD <3068> God <410> of recompences <1578> shall surely <7999>(8763) requite <7999>(8762).
57. And I will make drunk <7937>(8689) her princes <8269>, and her wise <2450> men, her captains <6346>, and her rulers <5461>, and her mighty men <1368>: and they shall sleep <3462>(8804) a perpetual <5769> sleep <8142>, and not wake <6974>(8686), saith <5002>(8803) the King <4428>, whose name <8034> is the LORD <3068> of hosts <6635>.
58. Thus saith <559>(8804) the LORD <3068> of hosts <6635>; The broad <7342> walls <2346> of Babylon <894> shall be utterly <6209>(8771) broken <6209>(8698), and her high <1364> gates <8179> shall be burned <3341>(8799) with fire <784>; and the people <5971> shall labour <3021>(8799) in vain <7385>, and the folk <3816> in <1767> the fire <784>, and they shall be weary <3286>(8804).
59. The word <1697> which Jeremiah <3414> the prophet <5030> commanded <6680>(8765) Seraiah <8304> the son <1121> of Neriah <5374>, the son <1121> of Maaseiah <4271>, when he went <3212>(8800) with Zedekiah <6667> the king <4428> of Judah <3063> into Babylon <894> in the fourth <7243> year <8141> of his reign <4427>(8800). And this Seraiah <8304> was a quiet <4496> prince <8269>.
60. So Jeremiah <3414> wrote <3789>(8799) in a <259> book <5612> all the evil <7451> that should come <935>(8799) upon Babylon <894>, even all these words <1697> that are written <3789>(8803) against Babylon <894>.
61. And Jeremiah <3414> said <559>(8799) to Seraiah <8304>, When thou comest <935>(8800) to Babylon <894>, and shalt see <7200>(8804), and shalt read <7121>(8804) all these words <1697>;
62. Then shalt thou say <559>(8804), O LORD <3068>, thou hast spoken <1696>(8765) against this place <4725>, to cut it off <3772>(8687), that none shall remain <3427>(8802) in it, neither man <120> nor beast <929>, but that it shall be desolate <8077> for ever <5769>.
63. And it shall be, when thou hast made an end <3615>(8763) of reading <7121>(8800) this book <5612>, that thou shalt bind <7194>(8799) a stone <68> to it, and cast <7993>(8689) it into the midst <8432> of Euphrates <6578>:
64. And thou shalt say <559>(8804), Thus shall Babylon <894> sink <8257>(8799), and shall not rise <6965>(8799) from <6440> the evil <7451> that I will bring <935>(8688) upon her: and they shall be weary <3286>(8804). Thus far are the words <1697> of Jeremiah <3414>.
Notes that are not verse specific
11:23-26 The bread represents Jesus' body. In Jesus' body, God's character was exhibited in words and actions.
* Jesus was the word made flesh (John 1:14)
* In Jesus the fullness of the deity dwells bodily (Colossian 2:9)
So Jesus' body represents an example for us to follow.
The wine represents Jesus blood and represents forgiveness (Matthew 26:28)
Together the bread and the wine represent fellowship.
So
Fellowship = Followership + Forgiveness
You cannot have fellowship without followership (our response to God); nor can you have fellowship without forgiveness (God's response to our failures).
Bruce Bates [Forbes Australia] Comment added in 2023 Reply to Bruce
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1. Be <1096>(5737) ye followers <3402> of me <3450>, even as <2531> I also <2504> am of Christ <5547>.
2. Now <1161> I praise <1867>(5719) you <5209>, brethren <80>, that <3754> ye remember <3415>(5769) me <3450> in all things <3956>, and <2532> keep <2722>(5719) the ordinances <3862>, as <2531> I delivered <3860>(5656) them to you <5213>.
3. But <1161> I would have <2309>(5719) you <5209> know <1492>(5760), that <3754> the head <2776> of every <3956> man <435> is <2076>(5748) Christ <5547>; and <1161> the head <2776> of the woman <1135> is the man <435>; and <1161> the head <2776> of Christ <5547> is God <2316>.
4. Every <3956> man <435> praying <4336>(5740) or <2228> prophesying <4395>(5723), having <2192>(5723) his head <2776> covered <2596>, dishonoureth <2617>(5719) his <848> head <2776>.
5. But <1161> every <3956> woman <1135> that prayeth <4336>(5740) or <2228> prophesieth <4395>(5723) with her head <2776> uncovered <177> dishonoureth <2617>(5719) her <1438> head <2776>: for <1063> that is <2076>(5748) even <2532> all one <1520> as if <846> she were shaven <3587>(5772).
6. For <1063> if <1487> the woman <1135> be <2619> <0> not <3756> covered <2619>(5743), let her <2751> <0> also <2532> be shorn <2751>(5669): but <1161> if <1487> it be a shame <149> for a woman <1135> to be shorn <2751>(5670) or <2228> shaven <3587>(5745), let her be covered <2619>(5744).
7. For <1063> a man <435> indeed <3303> ought <3784>(5719) not <3756> to cover <2619>(5745) his head <2776>, forasmuch as he is <5225>(5723) the image <1504> and <2532> glory <1391> of God <2316>: but <1161> the woman <1135> is <2076>(5748) the glory <1391> of the man <435>.
8. For <1063> the man <435> is <2076>(5748) not <3756> of <1537> the woman <1135>; but <235> the woman <1135> of <1537> the man <435>.
9. <1063> <2532> Neither <3756> was <2936> <0> the man <435> created <2936>(5681) for <1223> the woman <1135>; but <235> the woman <1135> for <1223> the man <435>.
10. For this <5124> cause <1223> ought <3784>(5719) the woman <1135> to have <2192>(5721) power <1849> on <1909> her head <2776> because <1223> of the angels <32>.
11. Nevertheless <4133> neither <3777> is the man <435> without <5565> the woman <1135>, neither <3777> the woman <1135> without <5565> the man <435>, in <1722> the Lord <2962>.
12. For <1063> as <5618> the woman <1135> is of <1537> the man <435>, even so <3779> is the man <435> also <2532> by <1223> the woman <1135>; but <1161> all things <3956> of <1537> God <2316>.
13. Judge <2919>(5657) in <1722> yourselves <5213> <846>: is it <2076>(5748) comely <4241>(5723) that a woman <1135> pray <4336>(5738) unto God <2316> uncovered <177>?
14. Doth <2228> not even <3761> nature <5449> itself <846> teach <1321>(5719) you <5209>, that <3754>, if <1437> <3303> a man <435> have long hair <2863>(5725), it is <2076>(5748) a shame <819> unto him <846>?
15. But <1161> if <1437> a woman <1135> have long hair <2863>(5725), it is <2076>(5748) a glory <1391> to her <846>: for <3754> her hair <2864> is given <1325>(5769) her <846> for <473> a covering <4018>.
16. But <1161> if any man <1536> seem <1380>(5719) to be <1511>(5750) contentious <5380>, we <2249> have <2192>(5719) no <3756> such <5108> custom <4914>, neither <3761> the churches <1577> of God <2316>.
17. Now <1161> in this <5124> that I declare <3853>(5723) unto you I praise <1867>(5719) you not <3756>, that <3754> ye come together <4905>(5736) not <3756> for <1519> the better <2909>, but <235> for <1519> the worse <2276>.
18. For <1063> <3303> first of all <4412>, when ye <5216> come together <4905>(5740) in <1722> the church <1577>, I hear <191>(5719) that there be <5225>(5721) divisions <4978> among <1722> you <5213>; and <2532> I partly <3313> believe <4100>(5719) it <5100>.
19. For <1063> there must <1163>(5748) be <1511>(5750) also <2532> heresies <139> among <1722> you <5213>, that <2443> they which are approved <1384> may be made <1096>(5638) manifest <5318> among <1722> you <5213>.
20. When ye <5216> come together <4905>(5740) therefore <3767> into <1909> one place <846>, this is <2076>(5748) not <3756> to eat <5315>(5629) the Lord's <2960> supper <1173>.
21. For <1063> in <1722> eating <5315>(5629) every one <1538> taketh before <4301>(5719) other his own <2398> supper <1173>: and <2532> one <3303> is hungry <3983>(5719), and <1161> another <3739> is drunken <3184>(5719).
22. What <1063>? have ye <2192>(5719) not <3378> houses <3614> to eat <2068>(5721) and <2532> to drink <4095>(5721) in <1519>? or <2228> despise ye <2706>(5719) the church <1577> of God <2316>, and <2532> shame <2617>(5719) them that have <2192>(5723) not <3361>? What <5101> shall I say <2036>(5632) to you <5213>? shall I praise <1867>(5661) you <5209> in <1722> this <5129>? I praise <1867>(5719) you not <3756>.
23. For <1063> I <1473> have received <3880>(5627) of <575> the Lord <2962> that which <3739> also <2532> I delivered <3860>(5656) unto you <5213>, That <3754> the Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> the same night <3571> in <1722> which <3739> he was betrayed <3860>(5712) took <2983>(5627) bread <740>:
24. And <2532> when he had given thanks <2168>(5660), he brake <2806>(5656) it, and <2532> said <2036>(5627), Take <2983>(5628), eat <5315>(5628): this <5124> is <2076>(5748) my <3450> body <4983>, which <3588> is broken <2806>(5746) for <5228> you <5216>: this <5124> do <4160>(5720) in <1519> remembrance <364> of me <1699>.
25. After the same manner <5615> also <2532> he took the cup <4221>, when <3326> he had supped <1172>(5658), saying <3004>(5723), This <5124> cup <4221> is <2076>(5748) the new <2537> testament <1242> in <1722> my <1699> blood <129>: this <5124> do ye <4160>(5720), as oft as <3740> <302> ye drink <4095>(5725) it, in <1519> remembrance <364> of me <1699>.
26. For <1063> as often as <302> <3740> ye eat <2068>(5725) this <5126> bread <740>, and <2532> drink <4095>(5725) this <5124> cup <4221>, ye do shew <2605>(5719) the Lord's <2962> death <2288> till <891> <302> he <3739> come <2064>(5632).
27. Wherefore <5620> whosoever <3739> <302> shall eat <2068>(5725) this <5126> bread <740>, and <2228> drink <4095>(5725) this cup <4221> of the Lord <2962>, unworthily <371>, shall be <2071>(5704) guilty <1777> of the body <4983> and <2532> blood <129> of the Lord <2962>.
28. But <1161> let <1381> <0> a man <444> examine <1381>(5720) himself <1438>, and <2532> so <3779> let him eat <2068>(5720) of <1537> that bread <740>, and <2532> drink <4095>(5720) of <1537> that cup <4221>.
29. For <1063> he that eateth <2068>(5723) and <2532> drinketh <4095>(5723) unworthily <371>, eateth <2068>(5719) and <2532> drinketh <4095>(5719) damnation <2917> to himself <1438>, not <3361> discerning <1252>(5723) the Lord's <2962> body <4983>.
30. For <1223> <0> this <5124> cause <1223> many <4183> are weak <772> and <2532> sickly <732> among <1722> you <5213>, and <2532> many <2425> sleep <2837>(5743).
31. For <1063> if <1487> we would judge <1252>(5707) ourselves <1438>, we should <302> not <3756> be judged <2919>(5712).
32. But <1161> when we are judged <2919>(5746), we are chastened <3811>(5743) of <5259> the Lord <2962>, that <3363> <0> we should <2632> <0> not <3363> be condemned <2632>(5686) with <4862> the world <2889>.
33. Wherefore <5620>, my <3450> brethren <80>, when ye come together <4905>(5740) to <1519> eat <5315>(5629), tarry <1551>(5737) one for another <240>.
34. And <1161> if any man <1536> hunger <3983>(5719), let him eat <2068>(5720) at <1722> home <3624>; that <3363> <0> ye come <4905> <0> not <3363> together <4905>(5741) unto <1519> condemnation <2917>. And <1161> the rest <3062> will I set in order <1299>(5695) when <5613> <302> I come <2064>(5632).