Comments for September 29

v.18 God's power was at work here. We know because we are told. But did Amasai know? I suspect not. This is God's way of telling us that he was ensuring that David had support, even from the brethren of Saul, but also of showing us that He is behind it, orchestrating the events - a matter we do well to remember and always put our lives in His hands. Dan 4:17,25,32, Jer.27:5-7

v.1 And so we have backtracked in time again. We are now reviewing the events of 1 Samuel 30

v.17 - Given what we know of David's life, and what we are told of his attitude, we see that the only way that he can make this statement about himself is by his faith in the grace and forgiveness of God. When our sins are forgiven by God, they are completely wiped away. He does not remember and bear a grudge like our fellow man might do. We can forget our past sins that are forgiven as if they never existed. Let us remember this and not be borne down by them.

:1-23 Those who came to David whilst he was fleeing from Saul and was in Ziklag
:2 Of Benjamin
:4 Gibeonites
:8 Of Gad
:16 Of Benjamin and Judah
:19 Of Manasseh
:23-40 Those who came to David when he was king in Hebron
:24 Judah
:25 Of Simeon
:26 Of Levi
:29 Benjamin
:30 Ephraim
:31 Of the half tribe of Manasseh
:32 Of Issachar
:33 Of Zebulun
:34 Of Naphtali
:35 Of Dan
:36 Of Asher
:37 Of the two and a half tribes east of Jordan

There are two distinct lists in this chapter. When David was in Ziklag Saul was still king so we see that even during Saul's reign many from many tribes followed David - even from Benjamin, Saul's tribe. When he was king in Hebron there was a massive show of allegiance to David.

The way that those that came to David were like 'the host of God' (12:22) must have been known to Saul. So whilst he had been unable to capture David his subjects were able to find him! And so the way that they were swapping their allegiance must have disquieted Saul even further.

12:40 That there was 'joy in Israel' gives some indication of how people felt oppressed in the time of Saul.

V.29 Does this small number indicate the unpopularity within the tribe of Benjamin of David being king? It is stated that the mass of the population had, even after Ishbosheth's death, anxiously endeavoured to secure the crown in the family of Saul.

V.2 The deadly accuracy of the Benjamites using a sling in either hand was renowned (Judg 20:16). That the greater part of Benjamin remained with Saul is not surprising.  Tribal loyalty counted for much. 

What a super comment in verse 32 (1Chron 12:32).  There were men who understood the signs of the times, and who knew the right direction for Israel to go. And the best bit is that all their brethren were ready to obey them.  That's the real spirit of a Sunday exhortation, isn't it?

V.39-40 As we read through this chapter we see that the number of soldiers assembled in Hebron on this occasion amounted to three hundred thousand. Supplies of provisions were abundantly furnished, not only by the people of the area, but from distant parts of the country, for all wished the festivities to be magnificent, suitable to the great occasion that it was.

The men that swelled the ranks

In today's reading we have a list of all the armies that came to David to make him king over all Israel. They are listed by their tribes. With each tribe is listed the number of men in the army, along with comments as to their skill and effectiveness.  For Ephraim the comment is,

"twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valour, famous men throughout their father's house" (v30).

Of Zebulun "fifty thousand who went out to battle, expert in war with all weapons of war, stouthearted men who could keep ranks" (v33).

These were impressive bodies of men. They were the core of the army, whose very reputation would strike fear into the hearts of the enemy. Curiously, the descriptions are not like this for all the tribes.  There seems to be a gradual dwindling of praise when we look down this list, until we come to Naphtali, Dan, and Asher (v34-36).  The comment for these is simply that they were,

"able to keep battle formation".

We're not all the same. We're not all giants of faith; or great intellects; or marvellous examples.  We're not all well trained in the word, or in the application of God's precepts in our lives. Some of us may look at ourselves and feel inadequate in our faith, or in our service to God. Some of us will feel that there are so many other brothers and sisters who seem to be doing so much better than us. We may feel un-needed; cast aside; or un-worthy. So did these men. They were farmers, sheep shearers, goatherds, vinedressers. They had been given only sufficient training to be able to keep rank and formation, but they came, wanting to add their support to the others who they knew would champion their cause. They "swelled the ranks", and were absolutely vital in keeping the morale of the others high.  Their formations were slightly behind those of Zebulun or Ephraim, men who wouldn't flee no matter how hot the battle became. They kept these stouthearted men in their sight so as not to lose heart, and the trained fighters in turn gained encouragement from knowing their brethren were behind them.

When we feel low or inadequate we could look at this example and gain comfort. We should go and present ourselves in the congregation no matter what the state of our own faith, and no matter how little we feel we have to offer. We all lend vital necessary support to our brothers and sisters, especially those who we feel are more at the forefront of the battle than we are. Instead of comparing ourselves to others, we ought to be thankful for the contribution that each member makes in this battle line, just as they are thankful of ours. It was only when they were together that they were "a great army, like the army of God" (v22).

V.38-39 - perhaps we have an echo here of Christ and those who are soldiers of Christ. One heart, a perfect heart, king, 3 days, eating and drinking just as Christ's sacrifice offers us his bread of life and we remember him in the appointed manner with the bread and wine. 

12:23  The listing of men from a number of tribes, including Benjamin, who came to David when he was in Hebron indicates the degree of support that David had even at the beginning of his reign.

As we read through the books of Samuel and the Chronicles, we see how David became king, one step at a time. We have his anointing by Samuel (1Sam 16:13), next we have the acknowledgement by Jonathan, who was the heir to the throne, that David should be king (1Sam 23:17), them anointed king over Judah (2Sam 2:4), and now in V.38 of today's reading David is made king over all of Israel.

12:29 We have seen – 12:16 – that Benjamites came to David. However here we learnt that there were even those of the family of Saul who came to David. That may seem unusual but it does indicate the strength of support for David.

DETERMINED TO MAKE HIM KING

12:18 This event marked an important point in the time that David was fleeing from Saul. This was no casual meeting with David. These men were potentially a severe threat to David whilst fleeing from Saul. When they expressed their support for him David must have been greatly relieved, doubtless thanking God for the support.

V.29 A relatively few from Benjamin joined David - the majority staying loyal to the house of Saul.  Tribal loyalty trumped national unity at this point.  Sometimes ecclesias can act this way.  It appears that they are more concerned with their own tribe than with the body as a whole.  Certainly, there are local concerns, but they should never cloud the understanding that each ecclesia is just one part of the household of Christ.  And that body should be unified.

12:16 David’s leadership qualities are such that eve men of Benjamin – the tribe from which Saul came – followed David rather than one of Saul’s sons.

V.2 The action of stone slinging prompts a proverb: Like one who binds the stone in the sling is one who gives honour to a fool (Prov 26:8).  If a stone in a sling is prevented from flying out at the enemy, it is useless to the slinger.  Giving honour to a fool is just as useless.

V.40 The provisions given to David are reminiscent of the provisions that Abigail brought to David (1Sam 25:18).

12:2 The mention of ‘of Benjamin’ should remind us that these men were of Saul’s tribe indicating that not all of the tribe of Benjamin supported Saul.

12:1   Towards the end of David’s fugitive years David had been given Ziklag by Achish – 1Sam 27:2,6 (Even though it was a city of Judah already) so this doubtless explains their willingness to be associated with David when he was crowned king.

12:2   We notice the skill of the men of Benjamin with the bow and arrow. However this should not blind us to the fact that the bow and arrow was a primitive weapon when compared to the iron chariot and swords of the Philistines.

12:17  David’s generous spirit “mine heart shall be knit unto you” guaranteed loyalty from those of the tribes who came to him when he was fleeing from Saul.  

12:39  We see the military men and David feasting because of the provision of others in the nation. So we see an aspect of fellowship in the days of David. Each did what he was able to do. Some were in the army others were supporting the army.  Likewise in our ecclesial lives we have individuals with different skills. We should work together, using the skills we have, to build up the family of God.

12:8   Whilst the men that came to David were competent soldier it was not their military skill that is the prime focus. Their hearts were right with God.

12:19   The historical even referred to here is to be found in 1Sam 29:2

12:16-17       When men of the tribe of Benjamin came to David when he was in the Cave of Adullam it would appear that, at least initially, David was suspicious of their motives.

12:15 the “first month” was the first month of the religious calendar – a time when Jordan flooded. Their crossing Jordan at this time showed their strength and prowess.

12:16 this is the second time – the first is :2 – we learn in this chapter that Saul’s own family came to David. So it would seem that Samuel’s warning about the behaviour of the king they would choose – 1Sam 18:14 – applied to all Israel, including Saul’s own tribe!

12:2 So among those who were fugitives were members of Saul’s own tribe. We wonder how closely they might have been related to Saul. The fact that they aligned themselves with David indicates that Saul’s oppression seems to have been indiscriminate.

12:4 The men of Gibeon had been made slaves by Joshua – Josh 9:23 – but now we see at least one of the descendants of that city taking a prominent role in David’s army as a consequence of joining himself to David whilst he was fleeing form Saul.

DIFFERENT BUT UNITED

If you count very carefully, you will see that all fourteen tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron to make him king. (Fourteen includes Levi, Ephraim and the two half tribes of Manasseh, along with the usual tribes of Israel). The act of making David King was probably the most united that the tribes had ever been or ever would be. Both previous to, and after that time, differences split them apart – sometimes for a moment, and at other times causing an irreparable breach.

Differences are going to happen among us whether we like it or not. We all have different personalities, backgrounds and needs, so it is impossible that we are going to see eye to eye in every situation. But one thing we can and must unite on is in setting up Jesus as our king and Lord. On that point we should be completely united with each other, just as Israel was completely united when they made David their king.

Let us unite for Christ.

12:29 Whilst there had been many of the tribe of Benjamin that had joined themselves to David when he was fleeing from Saul this group who came to the anointing of David as king in Hebron had, at least many of them, been very close to Saul as his close guards. Thus we see a significant of allegiance towards David, God’s choice as king.

v.7 - Again a reminder that God is in control and is compelled to deliver us to death if we do not respond after much effort on His part. It is up to us. We have the free choice.

Prophecies against
25:2 Against Ammon
25:8 Against Edom and Seir
25:12 Against Edom
25:15 Against the Philistines
25:4 Ammon is to be taken captive by the Syrians for they are 'the men of the East' - see:- Genesis 29:1 Hosea 12:12
25:10 Edom and Seir likewise to be taken by the Syrians
25:14 But Edom is to be laid waste by Israel - clearly at a time after their return.

v.17 is spoken to the observer. The people who receive the vengeance of the Lord have no chance of knowing anything as they are no longer here, but those who observe. Let us take the opportunity to observe and respect the power of God to save or to destroy. In God's eyes men are either good (by His grace) or evil (by not seeking His grace). We live our lives assuming we are somewhere between these two, but there is no in between place. It doesn't exist. Every man or woman alive is in one or other camp in the eyes of the Lord. We live in Him, and this means we are under grace. Let us be sure to show God our appreciation fro His great love to those on whom He does not seek vengeance, and to thank Him for calling us to the salvation of His gospel message.

God's judgements upon the nations round Israel were not arbitrary - just as His judgements against Israel and Judah were not. These nations round Israel either persecuted Israel or rejoiced over her downfall (25:3 etc:)

DELIGHTING IN MISFORTUNE
There is a certain type of people whose greatest joy in life is to watch someone else fall. They are the kind of people who laugh at the misfortunes of others and who spread gossip and rumours about the mistakes other people make. They delight in watching anyone but themselves reap their "Just Deserts," and believe that everyone else should see life the way they do. One of the things they live for is to take vengeance on anyone else who crosses their path and then to watch them fall. Maybe you know someone like that (if you do, they need you to pray for them). This type of person doesn't do much to cause trouble - but when it comes they are first on the scene to cheer it on. Ammon, Moab, Edom, the Philistines and Tyre were like that. When the Assyrians and the Babylonians attacked Israel they all watched with glee on their faces, gloating over the agony of the nation. They came in behind and wrecked what havoc they could behind the destructor.
God's anger against them was fierce because of their wicked attitude. He said then that he would do the same to them as they wished on Israel. The same judgement will fall on us if we have the same attitude. Instead let us look for good in others and delight in it

:4,10 Who are the 'men of the east'?

25:4,10,12 Whilst Ammon, Moab and Seir were to be delivered into the men of the East Edom was to be overthrown by Israel. Remember that this is being said against the background of Ezekiel telling Judah that she will go into captivity.

We now enter into the section of Ezekiel's prophesy during which the "Glory" is hidden. This section of the prophesy deals with the Gentile nations which surrounded the land of Israel. A time period which would be identified as "The time of the Gentiles"

Vs.3,4,10 The Babylonians marched out from Babylon and destroyed Jerusalem.  However, when they began their march, they had two possible objectives: the destruction of Jerusalem; or the destruction of the Ammonites (Eze 21:19-21).  Regardless of divination, Yahweh had appointed a sword for Jerusalem. 

However, Yahweh had an issue to settle with the Ammonites.  Rabbah was destroyed between 590-580 BC by the Babylonians (to be rebuilt later as Philadelphia by the Greeks).  But it was the Assyrians (the men of the east) who finally subdued the Ammonites and forced them to pay tribute.  Eventually, the Ammonites would disappear, having been absorbed into the Assyrian system.

GLOAT
 
If you have ever failed at anything or had some misfortune affect you in some way, and then been laughed at or gloated over because of that misfortune, you will know how awful it feels.  Often our pride or our feelings are hurt enough already, but being mocked for our misfortune is like having salt rubbed in our wounds.
 
When Jerusalem was finally brought to her knees before Nebuchadnezzar, and her walls were broken down, the people killed or taken into captivity, and the city burnt, the nations around began to gloat and laugh at her misfortune.  In each of the prophecies in Ezekiel 25 we can see that this was a common characteristic that motivated God's judgement on those people.
 
The Ammonites gloated by saying, "Aha!" over God's sanctuary when it was desecrated, and over the land and it's people when they went into exile.  Moab jeered when they said, "Look, the house of Judah has become like all the other nations." (v.8)  Edom used the opportunity to take revenge on the already crippled nation of Judah, and the Philistines did the same with hostility.  Even Tyre rejoiced in Judah's misfortune, thinking of the commercial gain they would get.  God's judgements on these nations were severe.
 
But the same attitude can easily be shown by us.  Let's avoid the temptation to gloat or laugh at anyone else's misfortune.  God sees.  He knows.

Like some of the other prophets Ezekiel now spends some time prophesying against other nations: Ammon and Moab, Edom,  Tyre and Zidon, and Egypt. This takes us to the end of ch 32.   Today the prophet is told by God to speak against the first three. Ammon and Moab were the sons of Lot, and Edom or Esau was the brother of Jacob – but all three are excluded from God’s promises through Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. It’s interesting to note that God concludes each short prophecy with the statement that they would know in the end that God was the Lord (Eze 25:7,11,17). The Lord God of Israel was (and is) the only Lord in Heaven.

25  Having spoken of the final overthrow of Jerusalem and the end of the kingdom of God on earth the prophet, by inspiration, turns to the surrounding nations. The prophecy of Ezekiel follows a progression from Israel outwards.

25:4 There had been long warfare between Israel and Ammon. Now Israel has suffered at God’s hand Ammon rejoiced. However such a response was not appropriate. Therefore God brought judgement upon Ammon also.

Both Ammon and Moab descended from Lot. Their territory was on the east side of the Jordan and the Dead Sea. Moab would have been settled to a larger decree than Ammon. From what we have been able to determine, during the time of this prophesy both nations would have raided Judah. It would also appear that Moab rejoiced over the low position Judah held among the nations

25:12 Judgement against ‘Edom’ was because Edom had ‘dealt treacherously’ against Judah. One of the minor prophets makes the same point, rebuking Edom for the same thing – Obad 1:2-13

Vs.11,12 The ancient territories of Edom and Moab are incorporated in the modern state of Jordan.  Here, Ezekiel prophesies that Yahweh will punish Edom and Moab.  But, Yahweh has a future purpose for them (Jordan). 

When Russia comes down into Israel and devastates the land, some Israelis will manage to flee to safety to Jordan (Isa 16:14).  We should be watching the political heavens for the development of these end-time prophecies.

25:15-16 The Philistines were to suffer judgement – but notice that whoever actually punished Philistia it was at God’s direction.

Vs.3,6 The Ammonites and Moabites helped the Babylonians destroy Jerusalem (2Kin 24:2). Now Yahweh plans to give them pay-back (vs.5,11).

V.14 Edom was another nation that helped the Babylonians against Judah.  Yahweh swore vengeance against Edom (Isa 34:5-8).

V.15 The Philistines were also the object of Yahweh’s revenge (Jer 47:1-7). Nebuchadnezzar overwhelmed the Philistine cities during one of his campaigns, which included Tyre and Egypt.

25:13-14 The judgement upon Edom – both man and beast – was executed by the Babylonians. So Edom, looking on and rejoicing over the fate of the land of Judah, was not to escape the Babylonians, though at a later date the destruction of Edom would be by the hand of Israel.

25:2   Jeremiah in Jer 25:21 had warned that God would judge Ammon. Now Ezekiel speaks in more detail about what will happen.

25:3 Now the prophet returns to speak of Ammon – having indicated her upcoming captivity in Eze 21:28

25:3   Judah was going into captivity because of their sins. It was no business of the children of Ammon. However, because they rejoiced, they were to be punished. The calamities were no cause for rejoicing, A faithful neighbouring nation would have mourned.

1. Ezekiel 25:1 to Ezekiel 32:32 are prophecies of God's judgments against the 7 nations surrounding Jerusalem; 7 suggests completeness, to be full or satisfied, finality, etc.; to the east of Jerusalem were (north to south) Ammonites, Moab, Edom, and to the west was Philistia, and to the north was Tyre, Sidon, and to the south was Egypt.

2. Gen 12:2-3;27:26-29 - God would bless those who blessed His children and curse those who cursed His children.

3. Eze 25:1-7 - Ammonites:

4. Ammon was the son of Lot's 2nd daughter (Gen 19:38).

5. the Ammonites expressed joy at Israel's overthrow (Eze 25:6) and did not escape God's wrath at the hand of Nebuchadnezzar Eze 25:1-3;2Kin 24:1-2,8-16;Eze 21:20,28-32;Jer 49:1-6;Amos 1:13-15;Jer 25:17,21 ;27:1-7. Josephus states Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the Ammonites along with the Moabites in the 5th year after the destruction of Jerusalem and later the Bene-Kedem, Nabateans, nomadic Arab tribes of the east (Eze 25:4,7,10), overran Ammon in the 1st century BC, and by the 3rd century AD the Ammonites ceased to exist as a distinct people.

6. the latter day Ammonites may be the Arabs of Jordan (Isa 11:14;Dan 11:41).

7. Eze 25:8-11 - Moab:

8. Moab was the son of Lot's 1st daughter (Gen 19:37).

9. Eze 25:8 - Moab was united with "Seir"<8165> which is Edom. Moab reproached the nation of Israel (Zeph 2:8). Moab did not escape the hand of Nebuchadnezzar (Isa 15:1-9;Jer 48:1-46;27:1-9). Josephus states that Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the Moabites in the 5th year after the destruction of Jerusalem. Eze 25:9 - 3 cities in Moab (previously occupied by the 10 tribes Num 32:38;Josh 13:10) would be taken. Eze 25:10 - after Nebuchadnezzar the Nabatean Arabs, men of the east, overran the Moabites.

10. a latter day Moab may be the Arabs of Jordan (Jer 48:47;Isa 16:1,4,5;Dan 11:41).

11. Eze 25:12-14 - Edom<123>:

12. Esau is Edom and the Edomites were established in Mount Seir (Gen 36:1-3,8-9,43;Deut 2:5).

13. always unfriendly to Israel.

14. Eze 25:13 God would make Edom desolate. Judgment on Edom to be invaded by Nebuchadnezzar and others (Eze 35:1-15;Isa 34:5-8;Jer 49:7-22;Isa 63:1-4) and by the 3rd century BC Petra in Edom was the capital of the Arab Nabatean empire. Eze 25:14 - Edom was again under the yoke of Jacob by 128 BC when subjugated by John Hyrcanus (Maccabeus) and incorporated into Judah. King Herod was an Idumean (or Edomite). 70 AD the Idumeans vanish from history.

15. it appears there is to be a latter day Edom (Isa 11:14;Dan 11:41).

16. Eze 25:15-17 - Philistines<6430>:

17. usually a thorn in the side of Israel.

18. Nebuchadnezzar invaded the Philistines (Isa 14:29-32;Jer 47:1-7;Zeph 2:5-7) around the time he took Judah and they virtually disappear after the time of Ezekiel. Alexander the Great took Gaza and killed or sold them into slavery. By 165 BC the former Philistine cities were inhabited by Greeks.

19. a latter day Philistine (Palestinian Arabs) in the Gaza strip (Isa 11:14).

25:8-9 The evil words of Moab and Edom (Seir) brought consequences upon them. We should be careful in what we say about others. True fellowship shares the suffering of others. It does not rejoice in the troubles of others. 

Hatred in the heart

The Philistines and Edomites are judged for their violence against Israel but the Ammonites and Moabites are judged for their attitude. Is this where Jesus gets his sayings about murder beginning in the heart, when we hate our brother? (see Matt 5:21-22). After all, the Moabites, Ammonites and Edomites descended from the same family as the Israelites.

SCHOOL YARD BULLIES

Only a very stupid school yard bully will pick on someone bigger and stronger than he is. If you pick on a smaller person, the threat of them being successful and taking revenge is much less. But if you pick on someone bigger than yourself, you are much more likely to come off worse later on. But there is one thing bullies often forget: Even if they pick on a smaller person, sometimes their victim will have a much bigger person looking out for them.

The Philistines were the school yard bullies in the days of Ezekiel. They "acted in vengeance and took revenge with malice in their hearts, and with ancient hostility sought to destroy Judah." (Eze 25:15). But what they forgot was that Judah had a protector who was much bigger and stronger than they were. God was their protector and He promised revenge for what the Philistines had done. "I will carry out great vengeance on them and punish them in my wrath. Then they will know that I am the LORD, when I take vengeance on them." (v.17).

There are two lessons:
1. Watch out if you want to bully God's people. He is watching, and He can hit harder!
2. If we are God's children, let's trust in God, no matter who stands in our way. Our God is bigger and stronger than all else.

25:10 Edom was to be taken captive by the Chaldeans who were in the process of taking Judah into captivity. So the Chaldeans are the men of the east.

25:4   Ammon was to be taken captive by the Chaldeans – here called the people of the east.

25:17     God’s judgments on Edom – and other nations for that matter – are not mindless vindictive acts of a vengeful God. Rather the judgments are to cause those being judged to recognise Yahweh as the true God.

25:5   It would seem that Rabbah was the capital city. Taking the capital city was like taking over the whole of the country.

25:3,6,8,12,15              God’s judgments are not mindless destruction. Rather in the examples given God was judging the nations mentioned because of what they had said or done towards Israel when she was in dire straits.

25:6 Historically Ammon rejoiced over Judah’s problems and the Babylonian invasion as the earlier prophet said – Zeph 2:8

25:2 We should remember that the Ammonites were related to the Israelites. Lot was Abraham’s nephew Israel descended from Abraham whilst Ammon descended from Lot.

25:13-15 Whilst it was Babylon that wrought God’s judgment against Edom Ezekiel clearly says here that the judgment will be “by the hand of my people Israel”. Clearly God’s word will be fulfilled. So we might see here an indication of something that will happen at a point yet future to our day.

We need to be alert to, but not dogmatic about, future fulfilments of things that God has said.

25:10  A number of nations were taken captive by the Chaldeans, including Israel. Whilst Israel now exists again in fulfilment of God’s word – Jer 30:11– the same was not to be the case for Ammon.

25:12,13  Both Edom and the Philistines were punished by God for their attitude to Israel, not specifically what they did. Their hatred of Israel was equivalent to them hating Yahweh who loved Israel despite their behaviour.

v.3 - Consider the way that Satan in Job 1 and 2 makes requests of God (Job 1:9-11, 2:5). And yet it is God that carries them out - ch.2:3 "...although thou movedst me against him..." So surely here this language is telling us that God orchestrated this event. It was a necessary event in order to bring about his purpose.

22:37 he was reckoned among the transgressors Isaiah 53:12
22:20 Jesus modifies the words of Exodus 24:8 by adding 'new' from Jeremiah 31:31 to blend together the giving of the Old covenant and the New covenant to show how they speak of him.
22:39 'as he was wont' implies that Jesus often went to the mount of Olives.
Here are occasions when Jesus went to the mount of Olives. Notice that they are all, except John 8, during the last week of his life. Matthew 21:1 24:3 26:30 Mark 11:1 13:3 14:26 Luke 19:29 37 21:37 22:39 John 8:1 18:2 [crossing Kedron]
Jesus was 'living out' the experiences of David when he fled from Absalom. Whilst David did not know what was to be the outcome of his flight Jesus did know and this must have been a great comfort to him.
We 'live out' Scripture in our lives. Particularly when we break bread week by week in remembrance of Jesus. We should make a habit of 'living out' Scripture in our day to day lives. Obviously the living out must be of examples which are pleasing to the Father.

22:24,25 John 13:4 records the washing of the disciples feet. This even slots into the Luke record at this point. Jesus washed the disciples feet because of the strife about greatness.

PRAY FOR EACH OTHER

"Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift you as wheat. But I (Jesus) have prayed for you, Simon, that your faith might not fail. And when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers."

It is not just Simon that needed this prayer of Jesus. There are many times that I have needed it too, and, I am sure, many of Christ's other disciples have needed it and still need it today. We need to pray for each other that our faith will not fail - especially when we know someone is going through a trial to their faith. How comforting it would be to know that people are praying for us when we are at our lowest ebb. It gives us so much more determination when we know that others are right behind us and supporting us. With that prayer we will be able to stand stronger under the temptation and to be strong enough to strengthen our brothers when we come through it.

So let's do as Jesus did and pray for each other - especially if we have come through similar trials as those for whom we pray. In this way we can strengthen our brothers and sisters immeasurably.

:22-24 The enquiring about who would betray Jesus soon degenerates into a discussion as to who was to be the greatest! It was this discussion / argument which prompted the washing of the disciples' feet (John 13:4)

22:31-32  This is the time that Peter makes his attestation that he will never forsake Jesus Matt 26:33 But notice that Luke adds some words of comfort 'I have prayed for thee' - How often do we pray for those who we know will fail us Matt 5:44 Whilst Jesus here is speaking of those who oppose him the principle is the same.

V.35-38 Jesus opens the discussion by informing the eleven that they are about to be confronted with a situation totally different than previous. Up to now he had fully assumed the responsibility of caring for them. From now on things would be different. For this change they must prepare themselves. It is they who now will be persecuted.

V.10 - It is likely men didn't carry jars of water and thus this would be a clear description.

V.3 The Lord knew that Judas was going to betray Him (the Son of God).  And yet, He still remained in fellowship with him.  He did not rush to judgement and disfellowship Judas, or complain or gossip to the other disciples.  He forbore.  He was true to his mandate to save and not to judge (John 12:27). 

 What an example for us!  How often are we too eager to pull the trigger on our brethren, in the name of righteousness?  If Jesus came not to judge, then what makes us think we have the right.  Let us forbear rather than foreclose! 

22:31,34 Notice how Jesus switches between ‘Simon’ and ‘Peter’ between these two verses. Simon will be tempted by Satan who he will ‘hear’ – Simon = Simeon = hearing.

ON OUR SIDE
 
Paul told the Corinthians, "No temptation has seized you except what is common to man. And God is faithful; he will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, he will also provide a way out so that you can stand up under it." (1Cor 10:13) This is a very encouraging thought, knowing that God is in control of all the temptations that come to us, making sure that none of them are too hard for us to resist.
 
But there is more to God's goodness toward us when we are faced with trial and temptation than just this. Hebrews tells us that we can "approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we might find mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need." (Heb 4:16) We also learn that Jesus "is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them." (Heb 7:25)
 
Jesus knew what Peter was going to go through. He knew how hard it was going to be for Peter to resist denying his Lord in the circumstances he was to find himself in. And so Jesus prayed for Peter. He said, "Simon, Simon, Satan has desired to sift you as wheat. But I have prayed for you, Simon, that your faith may not fail. And when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers." (Luke 22:31-32)
 
Let's take courage that we will not be tempted above what we are able to bear and that Jesus is on our side to pray for us and to help keep our faith strong

22:18 In saying that he would not partake of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom Jesus is teaching his disciples that he was entering the role of High priest who could not drink wine – Lev 10:9

22:20  Notice when Jesus introduces the wine to the twelve he uses the word cup. This is the way in which the wine is introduced in all accounts in the gospels and in 1 Corinthians. Whilst the twelve drank the wine Jesus focuses on the ‘cup’ in his language. Consider why this might be.

V.3 Judas was a chosen disciple of Jesus.  He was privy to intimate discussions and instruction that the Master gave the future leaders of His ecclesia.  What motivated Judas to betray Jesus? Was it just for the money? Believers expected Jesus to save Israel and to establish the kingdom while He was present.  They did not expect Him to die.  This is borne out by the statement of Cleopas to the risen Lord (Luke 24:21).  

Perhaps, Judas perceived that Jesus would fail at redeeming Israel.  Being an opportunist, he decided to cash in on the situation.  After all, Jesus was not the one we hoped He would be - He's going down anyway, might as well get something out of it. 

What about us - does our lack of faith, similarly, betray Jesus? Are we expecting Him to return at any moment?  Or, are we secret doubters, and have occupied ourselves with other things (Luke 12:45).  If so, we are foolish virgins and will be shut out of the kingdom (Matt 25:1-13). 

Jesus will come stealthily to those who are not ready (1Thess 5:2).  To those who would be faithful, Jesus says: And what I say unto you I say unto all, Watch (Mark 13:37).

22:16 Whilst we understand what Jesus was talking about when he told the disciples that he would not share a Passover meal with them again until the kingdom of God we have to realise that they did not have any idea what was going to happen. We have to conclude, therefore, that at this time the disciples thought that this Passover time was going to bring about some massive changes in Israel. The kingdom that they were looking for would be established very soon! Or so they thought.

V.3 Judas was one of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus.  As such, he would have received divine powers (Matt 10:1).  The apostles were sent out by Jesus to exercise the power of the Spirit (Matt 10:8).

The question sometimes arises: After the betrayal, could Judas have been forgiven by Jesus if he had sought it?  On first blush, the answer would be Yes.  However, would this contradict Heb 6:4-6? Or does the fact that Jesus had not yet been crucified make a difference?

Of course, the question is moot since Judas committed suicide.  But, it is interesting to ponder.

V.26 The Lord reminds us that our attitude towards our brothers and sisters should be one of humility.

Vs.18,29,30 The Lord clearly talks about the Kingdom of God being as being a real entity, and not the church or something that only dwells in one's heart.

22:43 This is the second time that we see an angel with Jesus. The first time is in the wilderness at the end of his temptations – Matt 4:11

v8  In choosing the two most prominent disciples for a simple, mundane task, Jesus reminds us that we all have a need for humility and to be ready to serve.

Notice that the exact same level of temptation is there for both Judas and Peter (Luke 22:3, 31-32). The only difference appears to be that Jesus prayed for Peter. We are reliant on Jesus to help us in temptation, and we should specifically ask for this.

Luke 22:17 “He gave took the cup and gave thanks…” and Luke 22:19, “He gave took the bread and gave thanks…”.  The breaking of bread can be identified in type with the peace offering in Lev 7:11-12.  The peace offering may be offered as a thanksgiving offering.  There are many parallels with the Lord’s Passover to be found in Lev 7:12-34. For example;
Lev 7:12-13 The Thanksgiving offering was eaten with both “unleavened wafers” and “leaven bread”.  This is perhaps why there is no instruction in the Gospels as to what bread should be used.
Lev 7:16The Thanksgiving offering was voluntary
Lev 7:20  The offerer partakes of the offering.

22:27  That Jesus was among them as one that ‘serveth’ was seen in the washing of the feet of the disciples John 13:4-5 This is Luke’s reference to that event.

Luke 22

From all outward appearances, Judas appeared no different in his discipleship from the other apostles. We know this from the passages in John 13:18-30 wherein we read that the disciples looked around at one another wondering who it was that should betray the Lord. They had no idea what was really happening till Jesus handed Judas the sop.

When Jesus saw Judas and called him to be an apostle, he knew Judas’ heart, and that he would eventually betray him (John 6:64). Jesus knew Judas would never be a true apostle and never really believe in him as Messiah. When many of Jesus’ disciples turned away from him because of unbelief (John 6:66), Jesus turned to his apostles and asked them if they would also turn away? Peter, answering for all, said that, “we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God” (John 6:67-69,70-71). Note Jesus’ immediate reply to this: “Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve and one of you is a devil? He spake of Judas Iscariot the son of Simon: for he it was that should betray him, being one of the twelve.” Jesus revealed that there was one among them who did not share Peter's declaration of him! All the disciples, who ever left, left because deep down inside they were not genuine believers (1John 2:19). Being the Treasurer, Christ's ministry to Judas was all about the money (Matt 26:14-16; John 12:5-6; John 13:29)!

No one can be saved who does not believe in the Son of God. The highest title Judas ever gave to Jesus was, “Master, Rabbi” by which he acknowledged him to be nothing more than a teacher (Matt 26:25,48-49)! Judas never once addressed him as Messiah, or Lord, like the other apostles. Judas was never a believer (John 6:64), so there was no hope for him and he perished! You cannot lose something you never had. If we do not believe in Jesus as the Messiah, all the remorse in the world will not save us! Such was the case with Judas, who even after the betrayal merely acknowledged that he had betrayed "innocent blood" (Matt 27:3-5).

So the big questions remain: 1) “Why did Jesus choose him?” Judas’ selection was according to God’s plan, and in fulfillment of Bible prophecy (Isa 53; John 13:18; John 17:12; Acts 1:16-17). 2) Did Judas have free will? Yes, he did! Judas had 3 ½ years with the Lord; what an opportunity to change, but he chose not to. God in His love gave us choices, which operate in us as freewill. The ultimate choice He put before us we may read in Deut 30:15,19. Yet, even knowing who and what Judas was, Jesus did not call him a traitor, or backstabber. He called Judas endearingly as a, “Friend” (Matt 26:50) - after he was betrayed! Jesus loved even his enemy, Judas, by letting himself be kissed by him, and showed us by his actions the force of his counsel to love our enemies and to pray for those persecuting us (Matt 5:44; Luke 6:27). What deep spiritual insight Messiah left us!

Luke 22:17-20

“…This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me…”

Parallel passages pertaining to the Lord’s Supper may be read in: Matt 26:26-28; Mark 14:22-25; 1Cor 11:23-29. When the Bible refers to the Lord’s Supper, the emphasis is on remembering the Lord’s death until he comes. It is for the purpose of remembering that God does not forget His people, but keeps His covenant of grace; that we are no longer slaves to sin (Rom 6); that we have forgiveness of sins (Matt 26:28); that the blood of Jesus cleanses us from our sins because Christ is our Passover lamb (John 1:29,36; 1Cor 5:7-8).

The kitchen table is the focal point where meals are shared; family discussions take place, problems confronted, and crises resolved. The meal brings us together, and provides an opportunity to get to know each other better, to share our thoughts, desires, and memories. The kitchen table can be the most important place in our home!

When Christ instituted the Last Supper, he did more than just appoint a memorial Breaking of Bread in remembrance of him. It is at the table of our Lord, that we refresh ourselves inwardly, building up one another in the most holy faith. The fact that Jesus instituted the Last Supper around a table with his disciples shortly before his death is significant, indeed!

We have been invited to a banquet, and our fellowship is with the Father and His son. We presently wait for Christ’s return in power and great glory. What a blessed Hope! We look for it; we love it; we pray for it; we live for it. Before being called, most of us were content with the husks that the swine ate; we were ignorant of the unsearchable riches of Christ; we were engrossed with the cares of the riches and pleasures of this life, but God has called us out of it to a joint heir-ship with His Son. We have been invited to a new way of life. We have been invited to a banquet, the fullness of which still awaits us. The wedding banquet of the Lamb is not something we would want to miss. It is well worth preparing for it now.

22:5   It may seem strange that the leaders were ‘glad’ when Judas made his offer. However I suspect what Judas offered amounted to him telling them that he could arrange for them to take Jesus when there was no one else around.  They had ample opportunity to take Jesus but they did not do so because of the multitude of people around him.

Luke 22:35-38 -

22:43 The angel strengthened Jesus because his disciples did not  - Matt 26:36-45. We can know how the angel strengthened Jesus – it was by the word of God – Psa 119:28

Luke 22:18 Jesus tells the apostles "he will not drink of the vine again until the kingdom." Yet on the stake he drinks wine?? (Vinegar=wine).

Some say Jesus was not allowed to drink wine because he was no high priest. This cannot be so because he touched dead bodies etc. And also being high priest did not fully officiate until after his ressurection yet he drank wine on the stake?

However if we read the alternative record in Matt 26:29 we see some important words missing "with you"! Jesus was saying he would only drink or share wine with them again in the kingdom. So there is no contradiction.

However there is a little more to this cup of wine than meets the eye.

By the time of Jesus here the cup of the passover meal extended to four cups of wine and had become a much longer ceremony.

The four cups of wine were said to remind the jews of Exo 6:6

Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the Lord, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments:And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the Lordyour God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.

The words in bold represent the 4 cups of wine drank during the passover meal.

1st cup= cup of santification = i will bring you out.

2nd cup= cup of plagues= i will free you from slavery

3rd cup= cup of redemption=i will redeem you. (this is the cup Jesus spoke and drank of in Luke 22)

4th cup= cup of completion= I will take you as my people. ( this is the cup that Jesus will share with us in the kingdom).

Clearly then he could not take of the 4th cup as he hadnt yet taken the gentiles and his saints also as his people that awaits his return.

http://www.differentspirit.org/articles/passover_meal.php

Why did the disciples say in Luke 22:38 Look we have 2 swords! ( Surely it must have been Peter for he struck out at the high preist)?

Had Jesus seen them selling everything to buy a sword? Was Jesus teasing them a little? "here you are selling everything? Dont you remember how you had nothing when you first met me and now you go out and buy a sword of warfare?"  Were they sat there trying to hide away their swords?

WHen really Christ was talking about the word of God.

Had Peter read Song 3:8?

Before we are quick to judge Peter, would we be so willing to risk our lives for our master?

Luke 22:42 So often we see the nature of our Lord Jesus christ portrayed in the most simplest of ways. Those who believe Jesus Needed no help from his father (that he was clean flesh) should see the point coming across here.

For we see the battle of Flesh (carnallity) against spirit mind. Not many people could so easily take themselves off willingly to die. Oh yes we see many men and women on the battle field and the services RISK their lives and even giving up their lives but those situations are normally made in a split second decision yet Christ knew his death and suffering from a child.

Yet here we see our lord battling against the flesh, but we also see him overcome and how. We must look at the paralell records. Matt 26:39, Matt 26:,42,44 Here we see Jesus asked for the cup to be passed over 3 times! 3 times he was tempted and struggled against that fleshly nature. Remember he was also faced with his disciples trying to stop him going to the stake also.

However in Luke 22:43 we see how he overcame, with his fathers help.

As we face trials we should pray to our father for help, he will strengthen us. For when we overcome trials we will be stronger Jeus himself made highlight to this occasion in John 18:11 WIth a firm reply to Peter he said I WILL DRINK OF MY FATHERS CUP!

22:64  In smiting Jesus on the face Isa 50:6 was fulfilled 

INTERCESSORY PRAYER

Jesus and the disciples were having what was probably the most intimate time they had ever had together. They had gathered around a meal, they had prayed, they were getting to know one another better than they ever had before, Jesus was teaching them, and the Passover meal they were sharing focused on worshipping God.

As they shared that sweet fellowship together, Jesus said this to Simon. "Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift you as wheat. But I have prayed for you, Simon, that your faith may not fail. And when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers." (Luke 22:31-32).

In this action of praying for Simon, Jesus showed how important it is that we pray for the strengthening of faith of each other among those with whom we share fellowship. Not only that, let them know we have prayed, and give them verbal encouragement and motivation while we are at it.

Intimate fellowship is about sharing, caring, and looking after one another. Jesus showed the way, both in this prayer, and in his other words and actions at the last supper. Let's follow his example and pray for each other, that our faith may not fail.

Why was Judas needed?

Why did the chief priests and scribes need Judas so much? Jesus had been walking around freely and they could have captured him at any time. Yet they were overjoyed when Judas turned up (v5) as if some major breakthrough had been reached. If we look in v2 it says "they feared the people" and in v6 we see that Judas's task was to find a way of delivering Jesus "in the absence of the multitude". Their fear was that the multitude would take his side and overthrow them.

Luke 22

A reader writes: “… I spotted this web site and thought you might find it interesting. I did!” http://www.differentspirit.org/articles/passover_meal.php

My reply: It is highly unlikely that Jesus celebrated the Seder Passover as celebrated today. The Seder as observed today came about after 70 AD under Gamaliel II and did not resemble the Seder as Jews know it today! The bread Jesus used was not matzah, flat bread, but showbread (Strong’s # <740>) and this was a raised loaf of bread. It could have been leavened or unleavened, but most likely it was leavened (http://www.hope-of-israel.org/showbred.htm).

In the Gospel of John 19:14, he gives us the time Jesus died, which was the time when the Passover lambs were being sacrificed. Jewish historians, like Josephus who was contemporary with that time, confirm the Passover lambs were being killed at that very time when Jesus hung on the cross and died. Jesus died 3pm before the holiday formally began at sundown, 6pm! John mentions only a supper at which Christ washed his disciples’ feet. This was not in accordance with keeping the Passover, and not practiced during Seder, either. Paul also equates Jesus’ crucifixion with the Passover sacrifice (1Cor 5:7-8) and is in keeping with the type. This contradicts identifying the so-called Last Supper with the Passover or Seder meal. What Jesus ate with his disciples was a traditional and characteristic last supper type of meal; in this case, it was a sacrificial meal wherein our Lord instituted the Memorial Service. If it had been THE Passover meal, they would have, as with the Jewish authorities, been in direct violation and not in keeping of Jewish law (cf. Luke 22; John 18:28).

Upon the destruction of the Temple, Passover observance became more ritualistic and symbolic and was influenced by such Hellenistic and Roman qualities as gathering for discussion and banqueting. Especially common to the Roman elite was reclining at the dinner table, dipping the food into saltwater, and serving certain hors d'oeuvres - all of which were incorporated into the Seder and none of which Jesus and the disciples would have experienced at the Last Supper.

22:10  One can imagine that the water pot full of water was left in the room where the lord was to keep the Passover with his disciples. Doubtless it would have been left to be used in washing the feet of the guests.  As Peter and John had seen it in the room one wonders what they thought about who would perform that task when the rest of the disciples and Jesus entered the room. Clearly neither they or any other of the disciples rose to the challenge of being a servant. It was left to Jesus to set the example – John 13:4-5. Are there times when we know a servant task needs to be done but refrain hoping that someone else will rise to the task?

PERSIST IN PRAYING

The last words Jesus said to his disciples before he went out to pray in the garden of Gethsemane,were these: "Pray that you will not fall into temptation." (Luke 22:40). Peter had already emphatically said that he would go to the death with Jesus, and yet as Jesus left them on watch to pray while he prayed, there was another sort of denial going on, as the disciples gave up their praying, to fall asleep.

I wonder how differently things would have turned out - especially for Peter, if he had stayed awake to pray that he would not fall into temptation. Maybe he would have been the support that Jesus needed. Perhaps the servant of the high priest would have kept his ear. Possibly he would have had the courage to stand up for Jesus instead of denying him. How different would things have been if he had persisted in praying that he would not fall into temptation?

Asking this about Peter brings up the same question for us. How much would the course of our life, and the lives of those around us change, if we did what Jesus said, and pray that we would not fall to temptation? There could be a whole new world of opportunities and a direction that takes us in a straight line toward God.

Let's pray it now, and keep praying that we will not be led into temptation.

22:37 when Jesus said I must be about my Father’s business we see the beginning of a series of times when Jesus speaks of the essential requirement “must” that things were to happen.

Here is a list of all occasions Luke 2:49, 4:43, 9:22, 13:33, 17:25, 22:37, 24:44

22:4     When Judas “went his way” he was like the man in the parable who sowed tares and “went his way” – Matt 13:25. It was a deliberate act designed to destroy the harvest.

22:2    Maybe the chief priests would have been better if they had feared God rather than thought about their status in the eyes of men.

22:1-2  The impending Passover was to be the time that Jesus was to be offered as the true Passover Lamb. Whilst the chief priests and scribes were seeking to take Jesus and kill him they were oblivious as to how they were actually fulfilling the will of God.

22:44 there are only two other places in scripture where we read of “sweat” – Gen 3:19 where Adam was to sweat in his labour and Eze 44:18 where in the age to come priests will not “sweat” in their involvement in temple worship. We see the similarity with Adam and the contrast with the priest in the age to come. Jesus’ sweating achieved something eternal whereas Adam’s sweating was for a sort term gain. And so, because of Jesus’ sweating there will be a  glorious age.

22:38 Another occasion where there were just “two swords” is in 1 Samuel 13:22: “… there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found”. But, in the case of fighting Goliath, these two swords were enough, and more than enough, for Saul gave David his sword but David rejected it (see 1 Samuel 17:39). Likewise the two swords of the disciples were “enough” and more than enough. And when the people came to take Christ it was like David being confronted by Goliath for Christ said, “Be ye come out, as against a thief, with swords …” (Lk. 22:52) quoting David who said to Goliath, “Thou comest to me with a sword” (1 Sam. 17:45).

22:6 Judas was like the spy in the camp. He, like the other disciples, would know where Jesus was when he was alone. Two disciples had been instructed to prepare the passover location and Judas knew that would be a place where Jesus could be found without a crowd of people. So now he is able to make his move to get money.

Luke 22:17-20

The Last Supper – Do we take the bread or wine first?

It is evident that Jesus followed the traditional order of a Passover meal during his last supper with his disciples wherein wine is served four times. Each cup had its own symbolism representing the four promises of redemption as read in Exo 6:7-10. 1) “I will free you from your oppression.” 2) “I will rescue you from your slavery.” 3) I will redeem you” 4) “I will claim you.”

We read in Luke 22:20: “After supper he took another cup of wine and said, “This cup is the new covenant between God and his people—an agreement confirmed with my blood, which is poured out as a sacrifice for you” New Living Translation. This cup was the third cup (cf. Eph 1:7). Thus, Christ redeemed us to God, cup 4, (cf. Rev 5:9. Cups 3 and 4 represent the New Covenant in Christ, the cup of redemption being the third cup (Luke 22:20), that Jesus offered to his disciples. Please note Christ offered the redemption cup, 3, after he broke bread, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me” (Luke 22:19).

This is the order as given to us by Christ, and this order we follow, as also given by Paul, who followed Christ (1Cor 11:1,23-29).

22:3 the “Satan” in both Judas’ and Ananias and Sapphira’s case was greed for money. How easy it is to be lured by material things!

22:2 Notice again that the leaders “feared the people” – check out for yourselves how often we find this way of thinking in the gospels.

22:4 Talking with the “captains” the chief priests are, basically, arranging with the temple guard to that when they violate the way the temple was looked after they would not be challenged. In short the temple guard are being brought into the plot to take Jesus.